This land was once an ancient forest, where tōtara and kahikatea stood tall. For centuries it stood this way, before it was felled by new arrivals into Aotearoa, New Zealand. Since then it emerged into a dairy farm. After the dairy industry in the valley died, it came into stewardship by Mangaroa Farms. It now thrives as our 5 year old market garden, and recently installed Permaculture Orchard - a highly diverse, multi-strata system drawing from Stefan Sobkowiak's permaculture orchard method and syntropic agroforestry, led by land steward Zebulon Horrell.

The Permaculture Orchard at Mangaroa Farms

The orchard comprises five primary rows, each 100 metres long and spaced nine metres apart, segmented into three 30-metre blocks with alleyways for access. Over 100 trees across 90 varieties are planted at five-metre spacing. Between each fruit row sits a biomass row — planted densely with support species for chop-and-drop, fungal inoculation, and structural diversity. Rather than following Sobkowiak's NAP model (nitrogen fixer, apple, pear), Zeb pushed the support species into the shrub and ground layers — keeping fruit production as the canopy focus while building a functional understorey that delivers fertility, biodiversity, and ecological function.

Walking the orchard rows during a community tour

The ground was prepped by terminating pasture and sowing a diverse cover crop — fava beans, phacelia, mustard, turnips, mizuna, chicory, buckwheat — which has become a lush herbaceous understorey. Each row was mole-ploughed to break compaction and guide deeper root penetration. Thirty cubic metres of aged arborist mulch went down every row. Biochar from local operator Carbon Options, pre-charged with nutrients, was added to each planting hole. The whole first phase was delivered on a budget of $10,000.

Front corner — Spring 2025

Same corner — Autumn 2026, canopy thickening

Every season shifts the picture. Spring brings blossom across the front corner where nothing grew a year ago. By autumn, the canopy is thickening and the understorey is finding its own rhythm. Redcurrants, blackcurrants, goumi berries, cape gooseberries, and silverberries fill the shrub layer around each tree. Hundreds of seedlings — alders, acacias, karamū, eucalyptus — were transplanted from local tree cropper Eric Cairns's diverse forest to populate the support canopy.

The orchard sits within Mangaroa Farms' 3,000 acres in Whitemans Valley, Upper Hutt — a regenerative farm stewarded by Biome Trust Aotearoa. It's become a living classroom. Families come through for permaculture workshops. Visitors on farm tours walk the rows and taste what's growing. At Harvest Fest, the community gathers under these trees, and kids run through the multi-species maze. Zeb hosted a keynote at the 2026 National Permaculture Hui in Nelson, sharing the orchard as a case study.

Harvest Fest — Orchard Tour in March 2026

This isn't a commercial orchard in the conventional sense. Instead it’s more of an exploration a way to rapidly prototype what species and techniques can thrive in this microclimate and soils. Thanks to the farm shop and local food networks, even smaller yields of niche fruits can be absorbed and distributed. In five years, the data will show which trees thrive and which don't — informing future plantings across the region. If Sobkowiak's goal is 1,000 examples of his system around the world, Mangaroa aims to be one of them. This method ios uniquely adapted to Aotearoa, shaped by syntropic thinking, and grounded in a spirit of experimentation.

Our community sharing kai during the 2026 Harvest Festival

From the air, you can see the shift over time — the drone footage tells a story no words quite capture. Soil dark where it was once grey. Diversity where there was monoculture. A piece of land remembering the gift of biodiversity.